There are many formats for storing images, but there are only a few popular image formats used on the internet. When saving your pictures electronically for future generations you can be sure that operating systems, programing languages, and even picture formats will change many times over the next century.
Most of the pictures on this site scanned in the TIFF format because it retains more detail that a JPG. Imagine a checker board where only the black squares retain their information and the red squares are filled in by the computer based on an average from the colors in the other squares. This is how a JPG works, so I go with TIFF because it records more of the actual information from the picture.
A bitmap (BMP) also records information from every square, but it has a limited amount of colors which keeps one from having a picture true to the original. The bitmap format should be avoided at all cost.
TIFF images are not viewable on all , but may require downloading QuickTime.
Additional Information:
http://www.wfu.edu/~matthews/misc/graphics/formats/formats.html
http://www.scantips.com/basics09.html
http://photo.net/learn/raw/
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